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      <details id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul>
<li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#https">HTTPS</a></span>
<ul>
<li><a href="#determining-if-crypto-support-is-unavailable">Determining if crypto support is unavailable</a></li>
<li><a href="#class-httpsagent">Class: <code>https.Agent</code></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#new-agentoptions"><code>new Agent([options])</code></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#event-keylog">Event: <code>'keylog'</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#class-httpsserver">Class: <code>https.Server</code></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#serverclosecallback"><code>server.close([callback])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#serverheaderstimeout"><code>server.headersTimeout</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#serverlisten"><code>server.listen()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#servermaxheaderscount"><code>server.maxHeadersCount</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#serverrequesttimeout"><code>server.requestTimeout</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#serversettimeoutmsecs-callback"><code>server.setTimeout([msecs][, callback])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#servertimeout"><code>server.timeout</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#serverkeepalivetimeout"><code>server.keepAliveTimeout</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#httpscreateserveroptions-requestlistener"><code>https.createServer([options][, requestListener])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#httpsgetoptions-callback"><code>https.get(options[, callback])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#httpsgeturl-options-callback"><code>https.get(url[, options][, callback])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#httpsglobalagent"><code>https.globalAgent</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#httpsrequestoptions-callback"><code>https.request(options[, callback])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#httpsrequesturl-options-callback"><code>https.request(url[, options][, callback])</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></details>

      <div id="apicontent">
        <h2>HTTPS<span><a class="mark" href="#https" id="https">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https"></a></h2>

<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#stability-index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><p></p>
<p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v16.16.0/lib/https.js">lib/https.js</a></p>
<p>HTTPS is the HTTP protocol over TLS/SSL. In Node.js this is implemented as a
separate module.</p>
<section><h3>Determining if crypto support is unavailable<span><a class="mark" href="#determining-if-crypto-support-is-unavailable" id="determining-if-crypto-support-is-unavailable">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_determining_if_crypto_support_is_unavailable"></a></h3>
<p>It is possible for Node.js to be built without including support for the
<code>crypto</code> module. In such cases, attempting to <code>import</code> from <code>https</code> or
calling <code>require('https')</code> will result in an error being thrown.</p>
<p>When using CommonJS, the error thrown can be caught using try/catch:</p>
<!-- eslint-skip -->
<pre><code class="language-js cjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> https;
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
  https = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);
} <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (err) {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https support is disabled!'</span>);
}</code></pre>
<p>When using the lexical ESM <code>import</code> keyword, the error can only be
caught if a handler for <code>process.on('uncaughtException')</code> is registered
<em>before</em> any attempt to load the module is made (using, for instance,
a preload module).</p>
<p>When using ESM, if there is a chance that the code may be run on a build
of Node.js where crypto support is not enabled, consider using the
<code>import()</code> function instead of the lexical <code>import</code> keyword:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js mjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> https;
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
  https = <span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">import</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);
} <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (err) {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https support is disabled!'</span>);
}</code></pre>
</section><section><h3>Class: <code>https.Agent</code><span><a class="mark" href="#class-httpsagent" id="class-httpsagent">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_class_https_agent"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v5.3.0</td>
<td><p>support <code>0</code> <code>maxCachedSessions</code> to disable TLS session caching.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v2.5.0</td>
<td><p>parameter <code>maxCachedSessions</code> added to <code>options</code> for TLS sessions reuse.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.4.5</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.4.5</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<p>An <a href="#class-httpsagent"><code>Agent</code></a> object for HTTPS similar to <a href="http.html#class-httpagent"><code>http.Agent</code></a>. See
<a href="#httpsrequestoptions-callback"><code>https.request()</code></a> for more information.</p>
<h4><code>new Agent([options])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#new-agentoptions" id="new-agentoptions">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_new_agent_options"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v12.5.0</td>
<td><p>do not automatically set servername if the target host was specified using an IP address.</p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a> Set of configurable options to set on the agent.
Can have the same fields as for <a href="http.html#new-agentoptions"><code>http.Agent(options)</code></a>, and
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>maxCachedSessions</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> maximum number of TLS cached sessions.
Use <code>0</code> to disable TLS session caching. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>100</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>servername</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> the value of
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication">Server Name Indication extension</a> to be sent to the server. Use
empty string <code>''</code> to disable sending the extension.
<strong>Default:</strong> host name of the target server, unless the target server
is specified using an IP address, in which case the default is <code>''</code> (no
extension).</p>
<p>See <a href="tls.html#session-resumption"><code>Session Resumption</code></a> for information about TLS session reuse.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h5>Event: <code>'keylog'</code><span><a class="mark" href="#event-keylog" id="event-keylog">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_event_keylog"></a></h5>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v13.2.0, v12.16.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>line</code> <a href="buffer.html#class-buffer" class="type">&#x3C;Buffer></a> Line of ASCII text, in NSS <code>SSLKEYLOGFILE</code> format.</li>
<li><code>tlsSocket</code> <a href="tls.html#class-tlstlssocket" class="type">&#x3C;tls.TLSSocket></a> The <code>tls.TLSSocket</code> instance on which it was
generated.</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>keylog</code> event is emitted when key material is generated or received by a
connection managed by this agent (typically before handshake has completed, but
not necessarily). This keying material can be stored for debugging, as it
allows captured TLS traffic to be decrypted. It may be emitted multiple times
for each socket.</p>
<p>A typical use case is to append received lines to a common text file, which is
later used by software (such as Wireshark) to decrypt the traffic:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
https.<span class="hljs-property">globalAgent</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'keylog'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">line, tlsSocket</span>) =></span> {
  fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">appendFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/ssl-keys.log'</span>, line, { <span class="hljs-attr">mode</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0o600</span> });
});</code></pre>
</section><section><h3>Class: <code>https.Server</code><span><a class="mark" href="#class-httpsserver" id="class-httpsserver">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_class_https_server"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.3.4</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Extends: <a href="tls.html#class-tlsserver" class="type">&#x3C;tls.Server></a></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#class-httpserver"><code>http.Server</code></a> for more information.</p>
<h4><code>server.close([callback])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#serverclosecallback" id="serverclosecallback">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_close_callback"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.90</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&#x3C;Function></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https.html#class-httpsserver" class="type">&#x3C;https.Server></a></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#serverclosecallback"><code>server.close()</code></a> from the HTTP module for details.</p>
<h4><code>server.headersTimeout</code><span><a class="mark" href="#serverheaderstimeout" id="serverheaderstimeout">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_headerstimeout"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v11.3.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>60000</code></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#serverheaderstimeout"><code>http.Server#headersTimeout</code></a>.</p>
<h4><code>server.listen()</code><span><a class="mark" href="#serverlisten" id="serverlisten">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_listen"></a></h4>
<p>Starts the HTTPS server listening for encrypted connections.
This method is identical to <a href="net.html#serverlisten"><code>server.listen()</code></a> from <a href="net.html#class-netserver"><code>net.Server</code></a>.</p>
<h4><code>server.maxHeadersCount</code><span><a class="mark" href="#servermaxheaderscount" id="servermaxheaderscount">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_maxheaderscount"></a></h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>2000</code></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#servermaxheaderscount"><code>http.Server#maxHeadersCount</code></a>.</p>
<h4><code>server.requestTimeout</code><span><a class="mark" href="#serverrequesttimeout" id="serverrequesttimeout">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_requesttimeout"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v14.11.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>0</code></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#serverrequesttimeout"><code>http.Server#requestTimeout</code></a>.</p>
<h4><code>server.setTimeout([msecs][, callback])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#serversettimeoutmsecs-callback" id="serversettimeoutmsecs-callback">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_settimeout_msecs_callback"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.11.2</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>msecs</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>120000</code> (2 minutes)</li>
<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&#x3C;Function></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https.html#class-httpsserver" class="type">&#x3C;https.Server></a></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#serversettimeoutmsecs-callback"><code>http.Server#setTimeout()</code></a>.</p>
<h4><code>server.timeout</code><span><a class="mark" href="#servertimeout" id="servertimeout">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_timeout"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v13.0.0</td>
<td><p>The default timeout changed from 120s to 0 (no timeout).</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.11.2</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.11.2</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> <strong>Default:</strong> 0 (no timeout)</li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#servertimeout"><code>http.Server#timeout</code></a>.</p>
<h4><code>server.keepAliveTimeout</code><span><a class="mark" href="#serverkeepalivetimeout" id="serverkeepalivetimeout">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_server_keepalivetimeout"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v8.0.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&#x3C;number></a> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>5000</code> (5 seconds)</li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="http.html#serverkeepalivetimeout"><code>http.Server#keepAliveTimeout</code></a>.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>https.createServer([options][, requestListener])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#httpscreateserveroptions-requestlistener" id="httpscreateserveroptions-requestlistener">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https_createserver_options_requestlistener"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.3.4</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a> Accepts <code>options</code> from <a href="tls.html#tlscreateserveroptions-secureconnectionlistener"><code>tls.createServer()</code></a>,
<a href="tls.html#tlscreatesecurecontextoptions"><code>tls.createSecureContext()</code></a> and <a href="http.html#httpcreateserveroptions-requestlistener"><code>http.createServer()</code></a>.</li>
<li><code>requestListener</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&#x3C;Function></a> A listener to be added to the <code>'request'</code> event.</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https.html#class-httpsserver" class="type">&#x3C;https.Server></a></li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// curl -k https://localhost:8000/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> https = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> fs = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'fs'</span>);

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = {
  <span class="hljs-attr">key</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/keys/agent2-key.pem'</span>),
  <span class="hljs-attr">cert</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/keys/agent2-cert.pem'</span>)
};

https.<span class="hljs-title function_">createServer</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">req, res</span>) =></span> {
  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">writeHead</span>(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>);
  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">end</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'hello world\n'</span>);
}).<span class="hljs-title function_">listen</span>(<span class="hljs-number">8000</span>);</code></pre>
<p>Or</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> https = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> fs = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'fs'</span>);

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = {
  <span class="hljs-attr">pfx</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/test_cert.pfx'</span>),
  <span class="hljs-attr">passphrase</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'sample'</span>
};

https.<span class="hljs-title function_">createServer</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">req, res</span>) =></span> {
  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">writeHead</span>(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>);
  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">end</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'hello world\n'</span>);
}).<span class="hljs-title function_">listen</span>(<span class="hljs-number">8000</span>);</code></pre>
</section><section><h3><code>https.get(options[, callback])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#httpsgetoptions-callback" id="httpsgetoptions-callback">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https_get_options_callback"></a></h3>
</section><section><h3><code>https.get(url[, options][, callback])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#httpsgeturl-options-callback" id="httpsgeturl-options-callback">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https_get_url_options_callback"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v10.9.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>url</code> parameter can now be passed along with a separate <code>options</code> object.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v7.5.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>options</code> parameter can be a WHATWG <code>URL</code> object.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.3.6</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.3.6</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>url</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> | <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api" class="type">&#x3C;URL></a></li>
<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> | <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api" class="type">&#x3C;URL></a> Accepts the same <code>options</code> as
<a href="#httpsrequestoptions-callback"><code>https.request()</code></a>, with the <code>method</code> always set to <code>GET</code>.</li>
<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&#x3C;Function></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Like <a href="http.html#httpgetoptions-callback"><code>http.get()</code></a> but for HTTPS.</p>
<p><code>options</code> can be an object, a string, or a <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api"><code>URL</code></a> object. If <code>options</code> is a
string, it is automatically parsed with <a href="url.html#new-urlinput-base"><code>new URL()</code></a>. If it is a <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api"><code>URL</code></a>
object, it will be automatically converted to an ordinary <code>options</code> object.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> https = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);

https.<span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https://encrypted.google.com/'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">res</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'statusCode:'</span>, res.<span class="hljs-property">statusCode</span>);
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'headers:'</span>, res.<span class="hljs-property">headers</span>);

  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'data'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">d</span>) =></span> {
    process.<span class="hljs-property">stdout</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(d);
  });

}).<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'error'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">e</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(e);
});</code></pre>
</section><section><h3><code>https.globalAgent</code><span><a class="mark" href="#httpsglobalagent" id="httpsglobalagent">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https_globalagent"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.5.9</span>
</div>
<p>Global instance of <a href="#class-httpsagent"><code>https.Agent</code></a> for all HTTPS client requests.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>https.request(options[, callback])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#httpsrequestoptions-callback" id="httpsrequestoptions-callback">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https_request_options_callback"></a></h3>
</section><section><h3><code>https.request(url[, options][, callback])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#httpsrequesturl-options-callback" id="httpsrequesturl-options-callback">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="https_https_request_url_options_callback"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v16.7.0</td>
<td><p>When using a <code>URL</code> object parsed username and password will now be properly URI decoded.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v14.1.0, v13.14.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>highWaterMark</code> option is accepted now.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v10.9.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>url</code> parameter can now be passed along with a separate <code>options</code> object.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v9.3.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>options</code> parameter can now include <code>clientCertEngine</code>.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v7.5.0</td>
<td><p>The <code>options</code> parameter can be a WHATWG <code>URL</code> object.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.3.6</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.3.6</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>url</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> | <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api" class="type">&#x3C;URL></a></li>
<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> | <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api" class="type">&#x3C;URL></a> Accepts all <code>options</code> from
<a href="http.html#httprequestoptions-callback"><code>http.request()</code></a>, with some differences in default values:
<ul>
<li><code>protocol</code> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'https:'</code></li>
<li><code>port</code> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>443</code></li>
<li><code>agent</code> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>https.globalAgent</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&#x3C;Function></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="http.html#class-httpclientrequest" class="type">&#x3C;http.ClientRequest></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Makes a request to a secure web server.</p>
<p>The following additional <code>options</code> from <a href="tls.html#tlsconnectoptions-callback"><code>tls.connect()</code></a> are also accepted:
<code>ca</code>, <code>cert</code>, <code>ciphers</code>, <code>clientCertEngine</code>, <code>crl</code>, <code>dhparam</code>, <code>ecdhCurve</code>,
<code>honorCipherOrder</code>, <code>key</code>, <code>passphrase</code>, <code>pfx</code>, <code>rejectUnauthorized</code>,
<code>secureOptions</code>, <code>secureProtocol</code>, <code>servername</code>, <code>sessionIdContext</code>,
<code>highWaterMark</code>.</p>
<p><code>options</code> can be an object, a string, or a <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api"><code>URL</code></a> object. If <code>options</code> is a
string, it is automatically parsed with <a href="url.html#new-urlinput-base"><code>new URL()</code></a>. If it is a <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api"><code>URL</code></a>
object, it will be automatically converted to an ordinary <code>options</code> object.</p>
<p><code>https.request()</code> returns an instance of the <a href="http.html#class-httpclientrequest"><code>http.ClientRequest</code></a>
class. The <code>ClientRequest</code> instance is a writable stream. If one needs to
upload a file with a POST request, then write to the <code>ClientRequest</code> object.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> https = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = {
  <span class="hljs-attr">hostname</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'encrypted.google.com'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">port</span>: <span class="hljs-number">443</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">path</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">method</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'GET'</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> req = https.<span class="hljs-title function_">request</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">res</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'statusCode:'</span>, res.<span class="hljs-property">statusCode</span>);
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'headers:'</span>, res.<span class="hljs-property">headers</span>);

  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'data'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">d</span>) =></span> {
    process.<span class="hljs-property">stdout</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(d);
  });
});

req.<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'error'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">e</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(e);
});
req.<span class="hljs-title function_">end</span>();</code></pre>
<p>Example using options from <a href="tls.html#tlsconnectoptions-callback"><code>tls.connect()</code></a>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = {
  <span class="hljs-attr">hostname</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'encrypted.google.com'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">port</span>: <span class="hljs-number">443</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">path</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">method</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'GET'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">key</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/keys/agent2-key.pem'</span>),
  <span class="hljs-attr">cert</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/keys/agent2-cert.pem'</span>)
};
options.<span class="hljs-property">agent</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> https.<span class="hljs-title class_">Agent</span>(options);

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> req = https.<span class="hljs-title function_">request</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">res</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
});</code></pre>
<p>Alternatively, opt out of connection pooling by not using an <a href="#class-httpsagent"><code>Agent</code></a>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = {
  <span class="hljs-attr">hostname</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'encrypted.google.com'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">port</span>: <span class="hljs-number">443</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">path</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">method</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'GET'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">key</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/keys/agent2-key.pem'</span>),
  <span class="hljs-attr">cert</span>: fs.<span class="hljs-title function_">readFileSync</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'test/fixtures/keys/agent2-cert.pem'</span>),
  <span class="hljs-attr">agent</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> req = https.<span class="hljs-title function_">request</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">res</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
});</code></pre>
<p>Example using a <a href="url.html#the-whatwg-url-api"><code>URL</code></a> as <code>options</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">URL</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https://abc:xyz@example.com'</span>);

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> req = https.<span class="hljs-title function_">request</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">res</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
});</code></pre>
<p>Example pinning on certificate fingerprint, or the public key (similar to
<code>pin-sha256</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> tls = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'tls'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> https = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'https'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> crypto = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'crypto'</span>);

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">sha256</span>(<span class="hljs-params">s</span>) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> crypto.<span class="hljs-title function_">createHash</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'sha256'</span>).<span class="hljs-title function_">update</span>(s).<span class="hljs-title function_">digest</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'base64'</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> options = {
  <span class="hljs-attr">hostname</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'github.com'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">port</span>: <span class="hljs-number">443</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">path</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">method</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'GET'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">checkServerIdentity</span>: <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">host, cert</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Make sure the certificate is issued to the host we are connected to</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> err = tls.<span class="hljs-title function_">checkServerIdentity</span>(host, cert);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (err) {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err;
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Pin the public key, similar to HPKP pin-sha25 pinning</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> pubkey256 = <span class="hljs-string">'pL1+qb9HTMRZJmuC/bB/ZI9d302BYrrqiVuRyW+DGrU='</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-title function_">sha256</span>(cert.<span class="hljs-property">pubkey</span>) !== pubkey256) {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> msg = <span class="hljs-string">'Certificate verification error: '</span> +
        <span class="hljs-string">`The public key of '<span class="hljs-subst">${cert.subject.CN}</span>' `</span> +
        <span class="hljs-string">'does not match our pinned fingerprint'</span>;
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Error</span>(msg);
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Pin the exact certificate, rather than the pub key</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> cert256 = <span class="hljs-string">'25:FE:39:32:D9:63:8C:8A:FC:A1:9A:29:87:'</span> +
      <span class="hljs-string">'D8:3E:4C:1D:98:DB:71:E4:1A:48:03:98:EA:22:6A:BD:8B:93:16'</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (cert.<span class="hljs-property">fingerprint256</span> !== cert256) {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> msg = <span class="hljs-string">'Certificate verification error: '</span> +
        <span class="hljs-string">`The certificate of '<span class="hljs-subst">${cert.subject.CN}</span>' `</span> +
        <span class="hljs-string">'does not match our pinned fingerprint'</span>;
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Error</span>(msg);
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// This loop is informational only.</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Print the certificate and public key fingerprints of all certs in the</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// chain. Its common to pin the public key of the issuer on the public</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// internet, while pinning the public key of the service in sensitive</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// environments.</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span> {
      <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'Subject Common Name:'</span>, cert.<span class="hljs-property">subject</span>.<span class="hljs-property">CN</span>);
      <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'  Certificate SHA256 fingerprint:'</span>, cert.<span class="hljs-property">fingerprint256</span>);

      hash = crypto.<span class="hljs-title function_">createHash</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'sha256'</span>);
      <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'  Public key ping-sha256:'</span>, <span class="hljs-title function_">sha256</span>(cert.<span class="hljs-property">pubkey</span>));

      lastprint256 = cert.<span class="hljs-property">fingerprint256</span>;
      cert = cert.<span class="hljs-property">issuerCertificate</span>;
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (cert.<span class="hljs-property">fingerprint256</span> !== lastprint256);

  },
};

options.<span class="hljs-property">agent</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> https.<span class="hljs-title class_">Agent</span>(options);
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> req = https.<span class="hljs-title function_">request</span>(options, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">res</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'All OK. Server matched our pinned cert or public key'</span>);
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'statusCode:'</span>, res.<span class="hljs-property">statusCode</span>);
  <span class="hljs-comment">// Print the HPKP values</span>
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'headers:'</span>, res.<span class="hljs-property">headers</span>[<span class="hljs-string">'public-key-pins'</span>]);

  res.<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'data'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">d</span>) =></span> {});
});

req.<span class="hljs-title function_">on</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'error'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">e</span>) =></span> {
  <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(e.<span class="hljs-property">message</span>);
});
req.<span class="hljs-title function_">end</span>();</code></pre>
<p>Outputs for example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">Subject Common Name: github.com
  Certificate SHA256 fingerprint: 25:FE:39:32:D9:63:8C:8A:FC:A1:9A:29:87:D8:3E:4C:1D:98:DB:71:E4:1A:48:03:98:EA:22:6A:BD:8B:93:16
  Public key ping-sha256: pL1+qb9HTMRZJmuC/bB/ZI9d302BYrrqiVuRyW+DGrU=
Subject Common Name: DigiCert SHA2 Extended Validation Server CA
  Certificate SHA256 fingerprint: 40:3E:06:2A:26:53:05:91:13:28:5B:AF:80:A0:D4:AE:42:2C:84:8C:9F:78:FA:D0:1F:C9:4B:C5:B8:7F:EF:1A
  Public key ping-sha256: RRM1dGqnDFsCJXBTHky16vi1obOlCgFFn/yOhI/y+ho=
Subject Common Name: DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA
  Certificate SHA256 fingerprint: 74:31:E5:F4:C3:C1:CE:46:90:77:4F:0B:61:E0:54:40:88:3B:A9:A0:1E:D0:0B:A6:AB:D7:80:6E:D3:B1:18:CF
  Public key ping-sha256: WoiWRyIOVNa9ihaBciRSC7XHjliYS9VwUGOIud4PB18=
All OK. Server matched our pinned cert or public key
statusCode: 200
headers: max-age=0; pin-sha256="WoiWRyIOVNa9ihaBciRSC7XHjliYS9VwUGOIud4PB18="; pin-sha256="RRM1dGqnDFsCJXBTHky16vi1obOlCgFFn/yOhI/y+ho="; pin-sha256="k2v657xBsOVe1PQRwOsHsw3bsGT2VzIqz5K+59sNQws="; pin-sha256="K87oWBWM9UZfyddvDfoxL+8lpNyoUB2ptGtn0fv6G2Q="; pin-sha256="IQBnNBEiFuhj+8x6X8XLgh01V9Ic5/V3IRQLNFFc7v4="; pin-sha256="iie1VXtL7HzAMF+/PVPR9xzT80kQxdZeJ+zduCB3uj0="; pin-sha256="LvRiGEjRqfzurezaWuj8Wie2gyHMrW5Q06LspMnox7A="; includeSubDomains</code></pre></section>
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