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# Query string
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> Stability: 3 - Legacy
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The `querystring` module provides utilities for parsing and formatting URL
query strings. It can be accessed using:
```js
const querystring = require('querystring');
```
The `querystring` API is considered Legacy. While it is still maintained,
new code should use the {URLSearchParams} API instead.
## `querystring.decode()`
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The `querystring.decode()` function is an alias for `querystring.parse()`.
## `querystring.encode()`
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The `querystring.encode()` function is an alias for `querystring.stringify()`.
## `querystring.escape(str)`
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* `str` {string}
The `querystring.escape()` method performs URL percent-encoding on the given
`str` in a manner that is optimized for the specific requirements of URL
query strings.
The `querystring.escape()` method is used by `querystring.stringify()` and is
generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow
application code to provide a replacement percent-encoding implementation if
necessary by assigning `querystring.escape` to an alternative function.
## `querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])`
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added: v0.1.25
changes:
- version: v8.0.0
pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/10967
description: Multiple empty entries are now parsed correctly (e.g. `&=&=`).
- version: v6.0.0
pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/6055
description: The returned object no longer inherits from `Object.prototype`.
- version:
- v6.0.0
- v4.2.4
pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/3807
description: The `eq` parameter may now have a length of more than `1`.
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* `str` {string} The URL query string to parse
* `sep` {string} The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the
query string. **Default:** `'&'`.
* `eq` {string}. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the
query string. **Default:** `'='`.
* `options` {Object}
* `decodeURIComponent` {Function} The function to use when decoding
percent-encoded characters in the query string. **Default:**
`querystring.unescape()`.
* `maxKeys` {number} Specifies the maximum number of keys to parse.
Specify `0` to remove key counting limitations. **Default:** `1000`.
The `querystring.parse()` method parses a URL query string (`str`) into a
collection of key and value pairs.
For example, the query string `'foo=bar&abc=xyz&abc=123'` is parsed into:
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```js
{
foo: 'bar',
abc: ['xyz', '123']
}
```
The object returned by the `querystring.parse()` method _does not_
prototypically inherit from the JavaScript `Object`. This means that typical
`Object` methods such as `obj.toString()`, `obj.hasOwnProperty()`, and others
are not defined and _will not work_.
By default, percent-encoded characters within the query string will be assumed
to use UTF-8 encoding. If an alternative character encoding is used, then an
alternative `decodeURIComponent` option will need to be specified:
```js
// Assuming gbkDecodeURIComponent function already exists...
querystring.parse('w=%D6%D0%CE%C4&foo=bar', null, null,
{ decodeURIComponent: gbkDecodeURIComponent });
```
## `querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])`
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* `obj` {Object} The object to serialize into a URL query string
* `sep` {string} The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the
query string. **Default:** `'&'`.
* `eq` {string}. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the
query string. **Default:** `'='`.
* `options`
* `encodeURIComponent` {Function} The function to use when converting
URL-unsafe characters to percent-encoding in the query string. **Default:**
`querystring.escape()`.
The `querystring.stringify()` method produces a URL query string from a
given `obj` by iterating through the object's "own properties".
It serializes the following types of values passed in `obj`:
{string|number|bigint|boolean|string\[]|number\[]|bigint\[]|boolean\[]}
The numeric values must be finite. Any other input values will be coerced to
empty strings.
```js
querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar', baz: ['qux', 'quux'], corge: '' });
// Returns 'foo=bar&baz=qux&baz=quux&corge='
querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar', baz: 'qux' }, ';', ':');
// Returns 'foo:bar;baz:qux'
```
By default, characters requiring percent-encoding within the query string will
be encoded as UTF-8. If an alternative encoding is required, then an alternative
`encodeURIComponent` option will need to be specified:
```js
// Assuming gbkEncodeURIComponent function already exists,
querystring.stringify({ w: '中文', foo: 'bar' }, null, null,
{ encodeURIComponent: gbkEncodeURIComponent });
```
## `querystring.unescape(str)`
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* `str` {string}
The `querystring.unescape()` method performs decoding of URL percent-encoded
characters on the given `str`.
The `querystring.unescape()` method is used by `querystring.parse()` and is
generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow
application code to provide a replacement decoding implementation if
necessary by assigning `querystring.unescape` to an alternative function.
By default, the `querystring.unescape()` method will attempt to use the
JavaScript built-in `decodeURIComponent()` method to decode. If that fails,
a safer equivalent that does not throw on malformed URLs will be used.
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